一、自然灾害 & 破坏类词汇 ⭐高频
灾难表达
- ⭐ Catastrophe (n.) / catastrophic (adj.) 灾难 / 灾难性的
- ⭐ Disaster 灾难
- ⭐ Calamity 灾祸（书面）
- ⭐ Mishap = misfortune 小事故
🧠 记忆：
Catastrophe > Disaster > Mishap（严重程度递减）
危及 & 破坏
- ⭐ Jeopardise = endanger = cause harm to ~ 危及
- ⭐ Destroy — destructive 破坏
- ⭐ Ruin — perish 毁灭
- ⭐ Demolish (buildings) 推倒
- ⭐ Undermine 暗中破坏
⚠ 高频写作搭配：
- Jeopardise public safety
- Destructive power
- Demolish illegal buildings
- Undermine stability
二、地理 & 地质系统 ⭐常考阅读
地球结构
- ⭐ Globe — global
- ⭐ Continent — Oceania
- ⭐ Coast — coastal
- ⭐ 差距：gap / gulf / divide
⚠ gulf 既可表示“海湾”，也表示“鸿沟”
地貌
- ⭐ Glacier 冰川
- ⭐ Avalanche 雪崩
- ⭐ Tsunami 海啸
- ⭐ Plain = simple
- ⭐ Ridge 山脊
- ⭐ Wilderness 荒野
- ⭐ Barren / arid VS fertile
🧠 写作高分表达：
- Barren land
- Fertile soil
- Coastal region
地质变化
- ⭐ Deteriorate = aggravate 恶化
- ⭐ Fluctuate 波动
- ⭐ Erode 侵蚀
- ⭐ Precipitate 促使；降水
⚠ 高频考点：
precipitate action = 仓促行动
三、气候 & 天气 ⭐雅思常考
温度
- ⭐ Celsius
- ⭐ Frigid 极冷
- ⭐ Thermal clothes
- ⭐ Moderate
- ⭐ Mild breeze
湿度
- ⭐ Moist / damp / humid
⚠ 区别：
- moist：轻微湿润
- damp：阴湿
- humid：湿热
天气现象
- ⭐ Stormy
- ⭐ Thaw
- ⭐ Tremble = shiver
- ⭐ Sprinkle
- ⭐ Dawn VS dusk
- ⭐ Vapour
- ⭐ Circulate — ventilation
四、生态 & 生物 ⭐高频阅读词汇
生态系统
- ⭐ Ecology — ecosystem
- ⭐ Flora and fauna
- ⭐ Carnivore / herbivore / omnivore
- ⭐ Extinct — extinction
- ⭐ Protect — preserve — conserve
⚠ 高频写作句型：
- Protect endangered species
- Preserve biodiversity
- Conserve natural resources
生物学
- ⭐ Gene mutation
- ⭐ Hybrid
- ⭐ Evolve — evolution
- ⭐ Metabolism
- ⭐ Nutrient — nutritious
微观 vs 宏观
- ⭐ Micro VS macro
- ⭐ Microscope
- ⭐ Germ / bacteria
- ⭐ Epidemic
- ⭐ Intuition = instinct
五、环境污染 & 气候变化 ⭐写作核心词
- ⭐ Emission of greenhouse gas
- ⭐ Contaminate = pollute
- ⭐ Synthetic
- ⭐ Artificial VS natural
- ⭐ Petrol / gasoline / petroleum
- ⭐ Exhaust fume
⚠ 高频搭配：
- Carbon emission
- Greenhouse effect
- Fossil fuel
- Air pollution
六、空间 & 方位表达 ⭐高频写作结构
- ⭐ Vertical VS horizontal
- ⭐ Adjacent = next to
- ⭐ Remote = distant
- ⭐ Rural VS urban
- ⭐ Unparalleled
- ⭐ Inevitable
- ⭐ Irreversible
⚠ 写作黄金表达：
- An irreversible trend
- Inevitable outcome
- Remote areas
七、易混淆专项 ⚠
| 易混词 | 区别 |
|---|---|
| Moist / damp / humid | 湿度程度不同 |
| Destroy / demolish | destroy 范围更广 |
| Efficient / effective | 效率 vs 有效 |
| Considerate / considerable | 体贴 vs 相当大的 |
| Underestimate / overestimate | 低估 vs 高估 |
| Plain / plateau | 平原 vs 高原 |
八、高频写作黄金词汇总结 ⭐⭐⭐
必会表达：
- Jeopardise public health
- Emission of greenhouse gases
- Irreversible damage
- Densely populated area
- Barren land
- Fertile soil
- Preserve biodiversity
- Fluctuate dramatically
- A wide range of
📌 今日核心记忆重点（建议优先掌握）
- Catastrophe / catastrophic
- Jeopardise
- Undermine
- Irreversible
- Emission
- Extinction
- Preserve / conserve
- Fluctuate
- Hybrid
- Contaminate